The War for Southern Independence:
5th
Mississippi Cavalry
(formerly
19th Battalion Mississippi Cavalry [George’s])
(from Dunbar
Rowland’s "Military History of Mississippi,
1803-1898"; company listing courtesy of H. Grady
Howell’s "For Dixie Land, I’ll Take My Stand’)
COMPANIES COMPRISING THE 5TH MS CAVALRY:
Company A -- Mississippi Rangers (raised in Carroll County,
MS)
Company B -- Trotter’s Company (raised in Carroll County,
MS)
Company C -- Curtis’ Company (raised in Carroll County,
MS)
Company D -- Scales’ Company (raised in Carroll County,
MS)
Company E -- Love’s Company (raised in Attala County, MS)
Company F -- Povall’s Company (raised in Madison County,
MS)
Company G -- Allen’s Company (raised in Lauderdale
County, MS)
Company H -- Hill’s Company (raised in Panola County, MS)
Company I -- Turner’s Company (raised in Attala County,
MS)
Company K -- Ward’s Company (raised in DeSoto County, MS)
Company L -- Saunders’ (county of origin not specified)
[Transcriber’s Note: Rowland notes that Lt. Col. J.Z.
George commanded the 19th Battalion MS Cavalry, which unit
shortly became the 5th MS Cavalry. No other information on the
19th Battalion MS Cavalry (George’s) has been found by this
transcriber. Howell’s best-ever listing of MS regiments,
battalions, and companies does not list George’s 19th
Battalion MS Cavalry. However, Rowland being contemporaneous
with the actual veterans of the War for Southern Independence,
the 19th Battalion MS Cavalry (George’s) will be listed
here.]
Colonel James Z. George. Lieutenant-Colonels -- James A.
Barksdale, killed at Okolona; Wiley M. Reed, Nathaniel
Wickliffe, P.H. Echols. Majors: W.G. Henderson, William B.
Peery. Surgeon: George W. Henderson, promoted as Chief
Surgeon, Chalmer’s Division, November 9, 1864.
In his report of operations preceding the raid on
Colliersville, October 1863, General Chalmers wrote that when
he moved from Oxford to Salem on the 5th, he left "the
new regiment, commanded by Colonel George, which was not fully
organized, to picket the river." The regiment did not
take part in the raid into Tennessee, but Colonel George with
sixty men met the forces on their retreat and participated in
the fight at Wyatt, October 13, first along the main street of
the town and next at a ford of the river above the main
crossing, where he drove away a Federal picket. After the
Confederate forces began to retreat, George and a few of his
men returned and were on guard in the breastworks near Wyatt
until four in the morning, when it was discovered that the
Federals also were falling back. October 22 Chalmers reported
the regiment 350 strong. "Colonel George’s regiment of
cavalry" was assigned to Slemon’s Brigade of
Chalmer’s command, October 18, when Chalmers made his
headquarters at Abbeville after the Collierville raid.
November 3, 1863, Chalmer’s made a second attempt at
Collierville, his command then consisting of McCulloch’s
Brigade -- Hovis’ Partisans, McCulloch’s Missourians and
Chalmers’ Battalion, and Slemon’s Brigade -- George’s
and Barksdale’s Regiments and Second Arkansas. The plan of
Chalmers was to make a demonstration upon Collierville, to
hold the Union cavalry while Ferguson and Gholson broke the
railroad west of Corinth, over which troops were being carried
toward Chattanooga. Chalmers reported that his scouts informed
him that Collierville was held by a single regiment of
cavalry, "and feeling able to encounter, even behind
entrenchments, the two regiments of cavalry, I changed my plan
and determined to attack Collierville." There arriving,
he ordered an assault, "but we discovered at the first
fire that the enemy were in position with infantry, artillery
and cavalry, and I determined at once to draw off as soon as
we could do so successfully." The town was held by eight
companies of the Seventh Illinois with two howitzers, but
Hatch was at Germantown with the Sixth Illinois and Second
Iowa, and with this force on the gallop, he arrived at
Collierville in time to meet the assault. The Iowa Regiment
dismounted, took position at the railroad, with their
howitzers, and received the attack of Slemons' Brigade,
Colonel George's Regiment on the right, at the Mount Pleasant
road, Barksdale on the left, with the Arkansans, dismounted,
as flankers. "Mounted and dismounted men came forward in
fine style," Hatch reported, "the howitzers of the
Second Iowa firing rapidly. The regiment, lying on the ground,
waited till the enemy's cavalry were within fifty yards,
sprang to their feet and poured in a severe fire from
revolving rifles. A few men reached the guns; among them
General George and two officers." Slemons reported that
this fatal fire was from "rifle pits of the existence of
which he was totally ignorant." The attack by McCulloch
on the other side served to screen his withdrawal, and the
whole command fell back to the Coldwater, where there was a
brisk fight until after dark, for the possession of the
bridge. Hatch reported that he was not able to force a
crossing until the next morning, when he pursued as far as
Chulahoma. Chalmers reported his loss as 6 killed, 63 wounded,
26 prisoners. "Among the last Col. J. Z. George and my
Chief Surgeon, Dr. William H. Beaty. Colonel George led the
charge made by Slemons' Brigade and rode into the town,
followed by Captain Scales and Lieutenant Lamkin of his
regiment and a few of his men." The other casualties of
the regiment were 4 killed, 14 wounded. Hatch reported a less
of 60 and the taking of 57 prisoners.
Early in December the regiment participated in another raid
against the railroad, Chalmers' command cooperating with the
movements of S. D. Lee and Forrest. One company of the Fifth
was in the gallant fight made at the Wolf River bridge,
December 4, by Colonel McCulloch, against Hatch's Cavalry, in
which Hatch was severely wounded.
Fifth Regiment, Col. James Z. George, part of Slemons'
Brigade of Chalmers' Division, in organization of cavalry
under Maj.-Gen. S. D. Lee, January, 1864. General Forrest
brigaded the regiment under Col. Jeff E. Forrest. The regiment
was with General Forrest in the Okolona campaign of February,
1864, which resulted in the defeat of Gen. Sooy Smith's
expedition from Memphis, at the time General Sherman advanced
from Vicksburg to Meridian. In the desperate fight about five
miles from Okolona, February 22, where Colonel Forrest was
killed, Lieutenant-Colonel James A. Barksdale, commanding the
regiment, fell mortally wounded. The casualties of the
regiment were 3 killed, 3 wounded, 3 missing. The regiment was
with Chalmers and Forrest in the famous Tennessee raid of
March and April, 1864. In the assault upon Fort Pillow, April
12, Lieut.-Col. Wiley M. Reed, temporarily commanding George's
Regiment, was "shot in three places," General
Forrest reported, "and it is feared that his wounds may
prove mortal. The country can ill afford to lose the services
of so good and brave an officer at this time."
In the engagements between Pontotoc and Tupelo, July 10-15,
1864, including the battle of Harrisburg, the regiment had 5
killed, 7 wounded.
The regiment was with Wade’s Brigade in August, 1864,
contesting the advance of Hatch's Federal Division to Oxford,
the main part of which town was burned August 22. They
skirmished with the raiders in front of Oxford, and on the 23d
attacked the retreating column at Abbeville, where the Fifth
fought dismounted, and lost 4 killed, 10 wounded, 12 missing.
Return of May 10, 1864, Fifth Mississippi, Capt. William B.
Peery, in McCulloch's Brigade, Forrest’s Cavalry. General
Chalmers' assigned Lieut.-Col. N. Wickliffe to command, May
12. He was relieved at his own request, August 15. Maj. W. G.
Henderson commanding, in Forrest's organization of August 30.
Maj. William B. Peery commanding, August 31 return.
General Chalmers advanced within five miles of Memphis,
October 8, but finding no opportunity for surprise, moved into
West Tennessee with his escort and the Fifth Regiment.
When General Forrest took command at Florence, Ala., of
Jackson's Division (with Hood's army) and his own, for the
campaign in Tennessee, General Chalmers joined him with
Rucker's Brigade, which included the Fifth Mississippi, with
Alabama and Tennessee commands. They crossed the Tennessee
River at Florence November 17, 1864, and remained several days
on Shoal Creek, during which time they had several skirmishes,
part of their wagon train being taken and retaken. They began
the march north November 21, and on the 23d fought Capron's
Brigade at Henryville, capturing 65 prisoners. General Forrest
aided them by a charge with his escort. Next day they pursued
the Federal cavalry into Columbia, taking 30 prisoners, but
losing Colonel Dawson, of the Tennessee Regiment, killed. They
skirmished about Columbia until the evacuation November 28,
when they moved toward Franklin and struck the head of the
Federal column toward Spring Hill, and, supported by Jackson
and Buford, holding it in check several hours. In the night
they were sent to intercept a Federal column, supposed to be
on another road, but found nothing, the Federals moving on in
the night, past the Confederate infantry, on the road upon
which Rucker and Chalmers had met them. November 3o, in the
assault upon the intrenched lines at Franklin, Rucker's
Brigade formed on the extreme left of the line. After driving
in the outposts, Chalmers reported: "My line was pressed
forward until the skirmishers were within sixty yards of the
fortifications, but my force was too small to justify an
attempt to storm them, and I could only hold my position,
which we did during the night and an early hour in the
morning, when the skirmish line was pushed forward and was the
first to enter the town, capturing some 20 prisoners. Our loss
up to this time 116 killed and wounded." The casualties
of the Fifth, included in this total, were 2 killed, 8
wounded. December 3 Rucker's Brigade took position on the
Hillsboro Pike near Nashville, where the Federal troops were
concentrated, and on the 6th, being relieved by infantry,
moved, with two additional pieces of artillery, to the
Charlotte pike, to blockade the Cumberland River. A monitor
defeated and driven back on the 7th and other gunboats on
other occasions. December 14, Chalmers and Rucker, with
Ector’s Brigade, held a line of about four miles with 900
men. The Federal attack of the 15th opened up the Harding pike
and Chalmers’ ordnance train was taken, the Federals
advancing in his rear. Rucker had been lighting a gunboat on
the river and cavalry on the Charlotte pike, but his men made
good their retreat and were cut off from the army until the
16th, when they received orders, and moving promptly to
Brentwood, rendered valuable services in protecting the wagon
trains. In the evening of that day, under orders to hold the
Granny White pike at all hazards, Rucker's Brigade fought
desperately until after dark, when they were driven toward the
Franklin pike, Rucker being wounded and captured in the
hand-to-hand struggle. The loss of these two days was heavy.
The remnant of the brigade was with Forrest and the rear guard
on the retreat to the Tennessee River.
Companies A, B, F, G, I, of Fifth Cavalry, assigned to
Armstrong’s Brigade, Chalmers’ Cavalry, February, 1865.
Companies C, D, E, H, K, Fifth Mississippi Cavalry, with
Lieut.-Col. A. H. Chalmers, assigned to Starke's Brigade,
February, 1865.
March 1, the regiment having been consolidated, Capt. W. B.
Peery, Company A, being over military age, was relieved from
duty, at his own request.
In an order, March 16, General Chalmers said: "There
being no field officers of the Fifth Mississippi Cavalry
present and able for duty and only two companies of that
regiment having 32 men present, the companies composing that
regiment and not included in this order (consolidating E, H
and K with Chalmers' Battalion), have been consolidated with
other companies and regiments from the same State."
May 7, Gem J. H. Wilson ordered an officer sent to Forsyth,
Ga., to receive the surrender of the Fifth Mississippi
Cavalry.
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